Miltefosine Promotes IFN-γ-Dominated Anti-Leishmanial Immune Response

TLR–CD40 Cross-Talk in Anti-Leishmanial Immune Response

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate innate immune cells to induce cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40 and to enhance antigen presentation to T cells (1) that, upon activation, can either eliminate or support the pathogen (2). Herein, we propose that this duality in TLR functions results from their cross-talk with CD40....

Chemical and Bioassay Techniques to Authenticate Quality of the Anti-Leishmanial Drug Miltefosine

Miltefosine, an effective oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), was selected in May 2005, by the governments of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh for the elimination of VL. However, abnormally high treatment failure rates reported in patients in Bangladesh, given a miltefosine generic product ("Miltefos", Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) during 2008, led the World Health Organization (WHO) to ...

ifn-γ promotes apoptosis of melanocytes in vitiligo

Combination of paromomycin and miltefosine promotes TLR4-dependent induction of antileishmanial immune response in vitro.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vitro activity of antileishmanial drugs, paromomycin and miltefosine, to generate Th-1-biased immunomodulation in hosts against intracellular Leishmania donovani. METHODS In silico protein-ligand interaction and in vitro drug-cell interaction assays were performed. Interaction assays of TLR4-deficient HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells engineered to express either TLR...

The Anti-leishmanial Efficacy of Artemisia dracunculus Ethanolic Extract in Vitro and Its Effects on IFN-γ and IL-4 Response

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that appears with a range of symptoms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. The present study sought to determine the antileishmanial effect of the extract of Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon) compared to control treatment with pentavalent antimony (meglumine). METHODS This experimental study was performed in 2014-2015. ...